The effects of each stage of this multi-step modification were tryed in terminusses of morphology, roughness, wettability, corrosion resistance, coating-substrate adhesion, antibacterial holdings, and osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation. The outcomes rendered that the titanium surface imprinted nanotubes (inner diameter of 97 ± 12 nm, length of 342 ± 36 nm) subsequently